Prepositional Pronouns (contd.). Irregular Verbs "see" and "say".
by Myles Dillon
T LESSON XV Here are the forms for the prepositions as out, z in, chun towards,/e under, roimh before, thar over, past, tri through: asam asat as, f. aisti asainn asaibh astu lonam ionat ann, f. inti ionainn ionaibh iontu chum chut chuige, f. chuithi chuinn chuibh chuthu fum flit fe, f. fuithi fliinn fliibh flithu romham romhat roimhe, f. roimpi romhainn romhaibh rompu tharam tharat thairis, f. thairsti tharainn tharaibh tharstu triom triot trid, f . trithi trinn tribh triothu The verb chim "I see" is irregular, and has distinct absolute and dependent forms in all tenses: Abs. Dep. Abs. Dep. Present Imperfect Past chim do chinn do chonac feicim feicinn faca Future Conditional Partic. chifead do chifinn feicthe feicfead feicfmn 88 Verbal Noun feiscint LESSON XV The past tense must be learned in full: 89 Abs. Sg. 1 do chonac PL 2 do chonaicis 3 do chonaic se Dep. Sg. 1 faca PL 2 facais 3 faca se 1 do chonaiceamair 2 do i cnona i cea bhair \ chonaic sibh 3 chonaiceadar 1 facamair f facabhair 1 faca sibh 3 facadar The verb deirim "I say" is irregular, and has distinct absolute and dependent forms except in the past tense: Abs. Dep. Abs. Dep. Present deirim abraim Imperfect Past deirinn duart abrainn duart Future Conditional Partic. Verbal Noun dearfad dearfainn raite ra abrod abroinn The 3 sg. pres. abs. has two forms deir and deireann, of which the latter servesas a habitual. Note that the imperfect, past and conditional do not take do, and the initial d is not subject to aspiration: ni deirim, an rud adeirim, ni duart, etc. 1 The past tense must be learned in full: Sg. 1 duart PL 2 durais 3 duirt se 1 duramair f durabhair 1 duirt sibh 3 auradar 1 There is an historical reason for this. The verb is an old com- pound which begins with unstressed a-. This initial vowel has been lost except in the relative construction, as in the case of td (atd). It will be seen that the absolute forms commonly serve as dependent in Munster: ni deirim, etc. 90 IRISH The verb deirim (le) "I say (to)" when followed by a verbal noun means "I tell": deirim leat imeacht "I tell you to go away"; duirt m'athair Horn leabhar do cheannach "my father told me to buy a book" (p. 79). Note imperative 2 sg. teir, go! tair, come! abair, say! recite! An, go, nd and ni do not take ro (p. 47) with the past tense of these verbs. VOCABULARY ais (aash) f. benefit, use bainim as I get from bean (ban) f. woman, wife blathach (blaahach) f. butter- milk braon (bran) m. a drop, a little (of liquid) cara (kora) m. and f. friend; g. carad caora (keera) f. sheep; g. caorach (karach) cathaoir (ko-heer) f. chair; g. cathaoireach cearta (kyaar-ta) f. forge; g. ceartan coir (kor) right, proper comharsa (korsa) f. neigh- bour; g. comharsan comhaireamh (korav) vn. counting cupan m. cup fan! stay! ipv. gabha (gou) m. blacksmith; g. gabhann gaire (gaari)m. a laugh gach aon duine (goch engi) everyone, each one imithe (i-mihi) gone away inior (eeng-eer) vn. grazing leanbh (lanav) m. child plaincead (playng-ked) m. blanket teanga (tanga) f. tongue, language; g. teangan tuilleadh (tili) more; a thuille- adh any more Exercise 35 A. 1. Thainig se chuinn. 2. Chuamair chuige. 3. Cuirfead cota mor ar an bhfear hit. 4. Ar imigh si uaibh? 5. Bainfid diobh na broga fliucha nuair a thiocfaid isteach. 6. Fan amach uathu anois! 7. Ta tuirse uirthi tar eis na hoibre. Cad ta inti ach leanbh! 8. Do chonac romham amach ar an mbothar e. 9. Bhain se gaire asam. 10. Bainfimid ais as an LESSON XV 91 adhmad san i gcoir tine. 11. Do chuaigh se tharainn ach ni fhaca se sinn. 12. Cuirfimid braon bainne sa chupan agus cuirfimid uisce trid. 13. Ni bheidh deoch ann i gcoir gach aon duine. 14. Ta na fir ag sabhail fheir 6 mhaidin agus ta tart agus ocras anois orthu. 15. Tabhair an bhlathach san le n-61 doibh agus bainfidh se an tart diobh. B. Fifth Declension. 1. Sin e talamh na comharsan. 2. Do chuaigh an gabha isteach sa cheartain. 3. Ta cos bhriste sa chathaoir sin; caithfead ceann nua a chur inti. 4. An bhfuil na cathaoi- reacha go leir anso? Taid. 5. Ni fhaca mo dheartharacha fos inniu. 6. An bhfacais i n-aon ait iad? 7. Abair leo gur chuas ag comhaireamh na gcaorach. 8. Dearfad. 9. Is mor an cunamh comhairle charad. 10. Ta na cairde imithe agus ta tithe na gcomharsan uaigneach. 11. Chim na cnoic mhora ach ni fheicim aon tithe orthu. 12. Do chinn t'athair go minic nuair a thagadh se anso. 13. Chifir aris i mbliana e, mar tiocfaidh se i ndeireadh an mhi. 14. An bhfeicfead do mhathair leis, no an bhfanfaidh sise sa bhaile? 15. Dearfad lei teacht mas feidir lei i n-aon chor e. Exercise 36 A. 1. 1 shall go to them. 2. They took off their coats. 3. 1 shall make you laugh (say "get a laugh out of you"). 4. She went away from them. 5. Have they any work to do? 6. We have had (say "eaten") supper already. 7. She put a blanket under us. 8. What is wrong with you ("on you" pi.)? 9. 1 was there before her. B. 1. My friends will go home tomorrow. 2. The blacksmith is in the forge. 3. The sheep are grazing in the field beside the house. 4. We used to go to a neighbour's house every evening. 5. The neighbours will come to our house tomorrow. 6. 1 shall see Michael in the morning, and he will tell them (it). 7. Have we chairs for everyone? 8. The back of that chair 92 IRISH is broken. 9. 1 do not see the other chairs. 10. Have you seen them anywhere? 11. No. 12. Has your friend's wife come yet? 13. Yes. She is standing outside near the door. 14. Shall I tell her to come in? 15. Do. 16. I used to see her often before she married, when we were learning the language. .